Worker Classification

New Jersey uses a three-part ABC test to separate employees from independent contractors. The business carries the burden on all three prongs, and failing one makes the worker an employee.

Minnesota has no single employee vs independent contractor test. Unemployment insurance weighs five factors, workers’ compensation centers on control, and building construction runs a 14-part statutory test with penalties of up to $10,000 per misclassified worker.

Arizona decides employee versus independent contractor status separately under unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and federal wage and tax law. Each test asks a different question, and a worker can be a contractor under one and an employee under another.

Michigan has no single definition of independent contractor. Unemployment insurance uses the IRS 20-factor test, workers’ compensation uses a three-part statutory rule, and wage and tax coverage turn on other standards.

Virginia law presumes that anyone paid for services is an employee unless the hiring party demonstrates independent contractor status under IRS guidelines. This covers the test itself, which agency applies it, the civil penalties and debarment an employer faces, and the three-year private action a misclassified worker can bring.

Washington applies separate independent contractor tests for workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, and wage law. What each test requires, where the seventh construction part comes from, and what misclassification costs.

How California’s ABC test decides employee versus independent contractor status under Labor Code § 2775, which occupations are exempt, and what misclassification costs.

Massachusetts treats every worker as an employee unless the hiring party proves all three prongs of the ABC test in c. 149, § 148B. What each prong asks, what misclassification costs, and where the test stops applying.

North Carolina uses a common-law right-to-control test to separate employees from independent contractors, applied separately under its workers’ comp, unemployment, wage, and tax laws.

A plain-language map of Minnesota employment law: the at-will rule, employee versus independent contractor classification, minimum wage and overtime, final wages, sick and safe time, paid leave, and discrimination protections, with links to detailed procedures.

Illinois uses several tests to separate employees from independent contractors. Here is how the ABC test, the Employee Classification Act, and the federal IRS control test each work.

How New York decides whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor: the common-law control test, the Fair Play Acts, IRS rules, and how to get a formal determination.